Brush and method of making the same.



I. MORRISON, In.

BRUSH AND METHOD oF MAKING THE SAME.

APPLICATION FILED 1ULYI4|I9I7| 1,280,810. Patentedl 0ct.8,1918.

PATENT FFIC.

JOI-IN MORRISON, JR., 0F GLENS FALLS, NEW YORK.

BRUSH AND METHOD 0F MAKING THE SAME.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 8, 1918.

Application filed July 14, 1917. Serial N o. 180,630.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known thatI, JOHN MORRISON, J r., a citizen of the Unitedk States, residing at Glens Falls, in the county of Warren and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Brushes and Methods of Making the Same, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact descri tion.

y invention relates to brushes and admits of general use, but is of special use in connection with brushes known in commerce as solid-back brushes-that is, iiat brushes in which the back is made offwood or the like, and has the form of a thin block, the bristles being arranged in tufts ywhich project from a large, flat surface of the block.

More particularly stated, my invention relates to the manner in which the tufts of bristles are secured to the brush-back.

Reference is made to the accompanying drawing forming a part of this specification, and in which like letters indicate like parts throughout all of the views.

vFigure l is a' perspective of a brush, showing the same as partly broken away.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the bristle plate, used in guiding the bristles and arranging them into tufts. Y

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary section through a brush back, not yet ready to receive the bristles.

Fig. 4. is a fragmentary section, showing the brush back appearing in Fig. 3, reac ly for use with the bristle plate appearing 1n Fig. 2. i

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary sectlon, showing the brush back and bristle plate as used together, the bristles being now arranged into tufts.

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary section through the brush showing the same as nearly completed.

Fig. 7 is a section on the line 7 7 of Fig. 1,- looking in the direction indicated by the arrows.

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary section showing the brush as madewithout the use of cement.

In practice I take a brush back 8, made preferably but not necessarily of a single block of wood, and by boring or drilling I provide it with a considerable number of holes 9, arranged in parallel rows, and suitably positioned to receive the bristle tufts. These holes are in the face or large front surface of the block.

I next drill or bore laterally into the block a number of smaller holes 9, each merging into and diametrically crossing several of the holes 9, together forming a' row. The holes 9 areformed into a single row, extending nearly the full length of the block. Each hole 9, in this instance, extends not quite the full width of the block. Its point of intersection, with each hole 9, is substantially midway between the top and bottom of such hole.

The holes are all best made by the use of gang drills or angers, but can be formed one at a time or in any manner desired. i

I next place thebrush back in the position indicated in Fig. 3, and spread over its upper surface a small quantity of liquid cement or other adhesive, capable of drying, hardening orl setting.

The liquid cement sinks into the holes 9, filling each of them up to a greater or lesser extent from its bottom, as shown at 10 in Fig. 3. Owing to the viscosity of the cement, it forms in each hole a lining 11, varying in thickness. A coating 12 of the cement may adhere to the upper surface of the brush back, though this layer can be scraped or wiped off; and this is usually done.

I nowftake the bristle plate 13 and lay it flat down upon the brush back, as indicated in Fig. fl. The bristle plate is made of metal and provided with holes lll extending through it, these holes being arranged in rows and the rows being parallel with each other, as shown. The holes in the brush back correspond, as to number and arrangement, with the holes in the bristle plate.

If desired, the bristle plate may be secured to the brush back before the latter is provided with holes, and the holes in the brush back may be made by drilling or borback by screws 16 or other appropriate fas tening members.

The bristles are shown at 17, and as lhere indicated are arranged into tufts which eX- tend throughrthe holes in the bristle plate,

. wooden block, the cement mass as a unit is Y and into the holes in the brush back.

In this particular instance, I use single length bristles;l that is, bristles-havingthe same `length as the tufts to be formed. Such bristles are much cheaper than double length bristles-for, inother words, bristles of suflicient length to be doubled orbent into U- form and thus formed into the tufts.

The single length bristles are showered upon the bristle plate in the usual or any desired manner, and they find their way into the holes. They are then pressed smooth or leveled so that the proj ccting ends art even, as indicated in Fig. 5.

The lower ends of the tufts are thus ernbedded in the cement-masses with which the holes 9 are partially filled, as indicated at 18 in Fig. 5.

' I next take a number of pins19, made of tough, hard wood or metal, as desired, and drive these pins into the holes 9a. Each pin '19 is thus driven through the respective base portions of a number of separate tufts forining a row, as may be understood from Figs. 1 and 6. Each pin 19, in this instance, extends nearly the full width of the block 8. If desired, the exposed ends of the pins may becovered with a filling 20 of any appropriate material, such as. putty, plaster of Paris, clay or the like. This isusually done for the purposeof improvingthe appearance of the brush, but it is not strictly7 essential. Y

As the pins 19` are-,driven through the tufts of. bristles theholes it makes are not round. The'pin has more or lesstendency to Vsplit orl cleave the tufts, as indicated more particularly in Fig.- 6. i i

, yAs each tuft ofbristles vispierced by a Vpin acting somewhat afterthe manner of a wedgethe bristles onA each side of the pin yare crowded closely together, as may be understood from Figs. 6 and 7. Owing to the resilience of thebristles while thus held under the enormous pressure exertedv by the pin, the bristles are held securely in position. If for any reason one of the bristles in a particular tuft has a tendency to work loose, the other bristles around it, acting under pressure due to the presence of the pin, immediately expand or undergo a slight readjustment in position. Thus 'the pressure as between the individual bristles ofa tuft has a tendency to equalize itself, or become adjusted automatically. The net result is that the pressure is substantially uniform throughout all the bristles in a tuft, or for that matter throughout all the bristles in the brush. Y

Again, each bristle, by its connection with the cement mass in the hole with it, has a tendency to remain in the hole for the reason thatthe cement mass cannot move out past the pin. That is to say, independently of theadhesion of the cement mass tothe ..f...h;0ivefve, 'the bltiStleSLars head@ 0f. other .'atrials and, naltlaffli". 0f Softvsetble fibers such a` 's tampico, the use of cement can .be dispensed with, as indicated in VFig. 8. Here the pin19 is l lriven through thetuft 1 9P,g a nd the bristles becauseof their rougher vsurfaces andcoarser texture, 4vas well as greater pliability are more easily formed under pressure. Hencethey readily cling to thepnfarld t th'e.,b10.k S0 aS .t0 hold without ceinent.` Brushes inade this way 4vare ywell adapted for scrubbing, and ycan be produced a low nos., ,heblek 8. ,is 'new nshed midis its al form appearsas indicated in Fi'g. 1 at 85.

.1, 0.1110? limit myself t0. th. @Kiest 'Stps here recited, nor 'totheprecise mechanism here. Shown., as varie-,1210. may be @made therefrom without departin'gfrom the spirit of my invention, the scope of which is commensurate with my claims.

1 claim;- 1'.

' 1. In a brush the :combination of a block serving as abrush back and provided with holes, said block beingfii'rther providedwith hole extending .CISSWSQ bf'ad first v.Ilsentioned holes and establishing communication A`therebetween, said second mentioned holeextendingin a line Vlocated between the ler' :ihdbeftbfa .0f @ach Ofsad fir. meiltioned holes, tufts of bristles located. in

ranged into separate tufts each occupying and a fastening member having generally one of said holes, the bristles of each tuft the i'orm of a pin and driven through a .being separate and each bristle having a number of said tufts for the purpose of 10 maximum length coinciding with the length causing them to fit tightly Within the re- 5 of the tuft, each tuft being provided with spective holes they occupy.

an adhesive mass for preventing the removal of individual bristles from the tuft, JOHN MORRISON, JR.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. 

